Thesaurus Theoriis Circa Gravitatis et Cetera is a compilation subdivided into two chapters, containing the complete research developed during author´s post-doctoral period at the Brazilian Center of Physics Research - CBPF, Rio de Janeiro (2016 - 2017). From the heated discussions that took place in a climate of intense knowledge exchange, additions were made to the original text, making it more translucent to the readers. In the first chapter, the lecture notes related to the Summer Formative Activities -- 2017 were meant to compile the main ideas on gauge field theory and modern cosmology, showing the recent contributions of the author in these areas, including classical thermodynamics, supergravity and quantum gravity. Although the author has conducted the work without wishing to exhaust the issues in question, this synthesis provides some essential formal approaches for further studies, with relevant and updated references, as well as indications of classical readings. Special attention was given to the application of Lyra´s geometry, because of its growing importance in quantum cosmology, and to the so-called "paleogravity", a model of supergravity developed by the author with the purpose to offer a classical representation for supergravity that could be made compatible with the quantum theory of spacetime also developed by himself. Also in general cosmology, the emphasis was on inhomogeneous models due to the debate they open on the validity of the standard model. In this sense, the author presented his perturbative formalism of weak gravitational lensing by defining an inhomogeneous cosmological refractive index within a Lemaître-Tolman universe. Lastly, some remarks on Stephani cosmology were organized in order to expose the most significant features of this approach. During the reading, it shall be possible to observe some title marks indicating items of interest, as well as small side texts with outgivings of renowned authors. In the second chapter, the author expanded the discussion about the quantization of spacetime, previously opened, deepening his phenomenological analysis at the surroundings of supermassive bodies with the aid of the formalism of Green´s functions. This approach also opens the way for a broader and dialectical debate on quantum gravity and supergravity, seeking to rescue a physical discourse and not merely the math exercise which has been predominant in some research groups. The author is immensely grateful to the colleagues and external participants for the contributions and affection with which he was received and from which a community of collaborative studies was formed on the most important topics in modern physics. Special thanks goes to our esteemed Professor Helayël, to whom the author directs his highest respects and wishes for a long and brilliant future.